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|''Preăh Réachéanachâk Kâmpŭchéa''}} |common_name = Cambodia |image_flag = Flag of Cambodia.svg |image_coat = Royal Arms of Cambodia.svg |symbol_type = Royal Arms |image_map = Location Cambodia ASEAN.svg |map_caption = |national_motto = "Nation, Religion, King" |national_anthem = ''Nokor Reach'' |official_languages = Khmer |other_languages = Chinese, Vietnamese, other ethnic languages |demonym = Cambodian |languages_type = Official script |languages = Khmer script | religion = Theravada Buddhism |ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year = 2013〔 |capital = Phnom Penh |latd=11 |latm=33 |latNS=N |longd=104 |longm=55 |longEW=E |largest_city = capital |government_type = Unitary parliamentary |leader_title1 = Monarch |leader_name1 = Norodom Sihamoni |leader_title2 = Prime Minister |leader_name2 = Hun Sen |leader_title3 = Senate President |leader_name3 = Say Chhum |leader_title4 = National Assembly President |leader_name4 = Heng Samrin |legislature = Parliament |upper_house = Senate |lower_house = National Assembly |sovereignty_type = Formation |established_event1 = Kingdom of Funan |established_date1 = 68–550 |established_event2 = Kingdom of Chenla |established_date2 = 550–706 |established_event3 = Khmer Empire |established_date3 = 802–1431 |established_event4 = |established_date4 = 9 November 1953 |established_event5 = |established_date5 = 23 October 1991 |established_event6 = |established_date6 = 24 September 1993 |area_rank = 88th |area_magnitude = |area_km2 = 181,035 |area_sq_mi = 69,898 |percent_water = 2.5 |population_estimate = 15,458,332〔 |population_estimate_year = 2014 |population_estimate_rank = 65th |population_census = 13,388,910〔(Cambodian National Institute of Statistics ), accessed 6 June 2012.〕 |population_census_year = 2008 |population_density_km2 = 81.8 |population_density_sq_mi = 211.8 |population_density_rank = 118th |GDP_PPP_year = 2014 |GDP_PPP = $49.960 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cambodia )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $3,262〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal = $16.551 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_year = 2014 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,080〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = 2011 |Gini_change = |Gini = 31.8 |Gini_ref = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = increase |HDI = 0.584 |HDI_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Human Development Reports 2014 )〕 |HDI_rank = 136th |currency = Riela |currency_code = KHR |time_zone = |utc_offset = +7 |date_format = dd/mm/yyyy |drives_on = right |calling_code = +855 |cctld = .kh |national flower = Rumdul |footnote_a = The de facto currency is the United States dollar. }} Cambodia (;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cambodia )〕 (クメール語:កម្ពុជា), ''Kampuchea'', ), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia ((クメール語:ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា), Preăh Réachéanachâk Kâmpŭchéa) and once known as the Khmer Empire, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. Its total landmass is 181,035 square kilometres (1 sq mm), bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. With a population of over 15 million, Cambodia is the 70th most populous country in the world. The official religion is Theravada Buddhism, practised by approximately 95 percent of the population. The country's minority groups include Vietnamese, Chinese, Chams, and 30 hill tribes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cambodia to celebrate day for indigenous people near Angkor Wat )〕 The capital and largest city is Phnom Penh, the political, economic, and cultural centre of Cambodia. The kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with Norodom Sihamoni, a monarch chosen by the Royal Throne Council, as head of state. The head of government is Hun Sen, who is currently the longest serving non-royal leader in South East Asia and has ruled Cambodia for over 25 years. Cambodia's ancient name is "Kambuja" ((サンスクリット:कंबुज)).〔David P. Chandler (1992) ''History of Cambodia''. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, ISBN 0813335116.〕 In 802 AD, Jayavarman II declared himself "King" and marked the beginning of the Khmer Empire which flourished for over 600 years, allowing successive kings to dominate much of Southeast Asia and accumulate immense power and wealth. The Indianized kingdom built monumental temples including Angkor Wat, now a World Heritage Site, and facilitated the spread of first Hinduism, then Buddhism to much of Southeast Asia. After the fall of Angkor to Ayutthaya in the 15th century, Cambodia was then ruled as a vassal between its neighbours. Cambodia became a protectorate of France in 1863, and gained independence in 1953. The Vietnam War extended into Cambodia with the US bombing of Cambodia from 1969 until 1973. Following the Cambodian coup of 1970, the deposed king gave his support to his former enemies, the Khmer Rouge. The Khmer Rouge emerged as a major power, taking Phnom Penh in 1975 and later carrying out the Cambodian Genocide from 1975 until 1979, when they were ousted by Vietnam and the Vietnamese backed People's Republic of Kampuchea in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War (1979–91). Following the 1991 Paris Peace Accords Cambodia was governed briefly by a United Nations mission (1992–93). The UN withdrew after holding elections in which around 90 percent of the registered voters cast ballots. The 1997 coup placed power solely in the hands of Prime Minister Hun Sen and the Cambodian People's Party, who remains in power as of 2015. The country faces numerous challenges and sociopolitical issues, including widespread poverty,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Consumerism booms as Cambodia embraces once-forbidden capitalism )〕 pervasive corruption, lack of political freedoms, low human development, and a high rate of hunger.〔Welthungerhilfe, IFPRI, and Concern Worldwide: (2013 Global Hunger Index - The challenge of hunger: Building Resilience to Achieve Food and Nutrition Security ). Bonn, Washington D. C., Dublin. October 2013.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cambodia's opposition leader says Australian asylum seeker deal will fund corruption )〕 Cambodia has been described by Human Rights Watch's Southeast Asian Director, David Roberts, as a "vaguely communist free-market state with a relatively authoritarian coalition ruling over a superficial democracy."〔Political Transition in Cambodia 1991-1999, by David W. Roberts, Curzon Publishers, 2001〕 While per capita income remains low compared to most neighbouring countries, Cambodia has one of the fastest growing economies in Asia with growth averaging 6 percent over the last decade. Agriculture remains the dominant economic sector, with strong growth in textiles, construction, garments, and tourism leading to increased foreign investment and international trade.〔(Cambodia to outgrow LDC status by 2020 | Business | The Phnom Penh Post – Cambodia's Newspaper of Record ). The Phnom Penh Post (18 May 2011). Retrieved on 20 June 2011.〕 Cambodia scored dismally in an annual index (2015) ranking the rule of law in 102 countries, placing 99th overall and the worst in the region. 'The World Justice Project’s Rule of Law Index, which is based on surveys with ordinary people and in-country experts, ranks countries based on eight key indicators including constraints on government powers, an absence of corruption, and regulatory enforcement.' 'In every factor measured, Cambodia scored the worst in the East Asia and Pacific region, where other ranked nations include Myanmar, Vietnam and Mongolia.' The report notes that “()here the rule of law is weak, medicines fail to reach health facilities, criminal violence goes unchecked, laws are applied unequally across societies, and foreign investments are held back.”〔(Retrieved June-3-2015 ). M.phnompenhpost.com. Retrieved on 5 July 2015.〕 == Name == (詳細はendonym ''Kampuchea'' derives from the Sanskrit name ''Kambujadeśa'' (कम्बोजदेश), composed of देश, ''desa'' ("land of" or "country of") and कम्बोज, ''Kambujas'', which alludes to the foundation myths of the first ancient Khmer kingdom. Colloquially, Cambodians refer to their country as either ''Srok Khmer'' ((:srok kʰmae)), meaning "Khmer's Land", or the slightly more formal ''Prateh Kampuchea'' (), literally "Country of Kampuchea". The name "Cambodia" is used most often in the Western world while "Kampuchea" is more widely used in the East. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cambodia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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